Mobile Backhaul Revolution

The increasing demand for bandwidth combined with new mobile equipment like smart phones, tablets, and laptops is creating new challenges for mobile operators. As more and more customers are adopting these devices and using them for a growing number of services, we are witnessing an unprecedented growth in the mobile telecommunication market. The smart phone applications market is booming, with hundreds of new apps presented to the market every day creating an explosive demand for bandwidth. According to new figures from Juniper Research, the amount of mobile data traffic generated by smart phones, feature phones and tablets will exceed 14,000 Petabytes by 2015, equivalent to 18 billion movie downloads or 3 trillion music tracks.

But while mobile traffic is going up, revenue is going down. Data now accounts for about 33 percent of the average revenue per user (ARPU) for U.S. operators. To minimize the cost of delivering these services and improve ARPU - while providing the bandwidth scalability to meet future needs - mobile providers must re-evaluate their networks.

The mobile data surge, together with the LTE and LTE-Advance standards, represent many changes both in technology and in the business models and opportunities for operators and providers in this domain. To meet these bandwidth demands, mobile providers have to increase the bandwidth they deliver to every cell tower.

Using legacy backhaul base stations based on PDH, ATM or SONET would require that the number of lines be increased - creating a proportional cost increase thereby reducing the ARPU realized by the mobile operation even further. Packet-based base stations, on the other hand, could handle the increase in traffic, without the need to add costly leased lines.

This may mean that the mobile operator will need to lease dark fiber from the wholesale providers who already have a footprint in the service area, clearly creating a huge opportunity for utilities, wholesale providers and even the incumbent fixed broadband operators to provide the infrastructure that mobile operators will require for mobile backhaul.

The need for higher bandwidth is also driving mobile providers to look at femto and pico cells as part of their backhaul strategy. These are smaller base stations have been designed to support smaller areas, allowing the mobile operator to offload the larger cell traffic and offer higher bandwidth to areas with high density user areas such as shopping malls, convention centers and transportation centers.

Mobile Backhaul Challenges and Solutions

While using Ethernet for mobile backhaul is a cost-effective and scalable solution, it is not without its challenges.

Timing and Synchronization

As a packet-based technology Ethernet was not designed to support the timing requirements of a circuit-based technology like TDM. Therefore clock synchronization poses a major challenge for backhauling cell traffic. To further complicate matters, these radio access networks generally contain multiple generations of cellular technologies from different vendors, each based on a different standard. As a result, one of the most important requirements for backhaul solutions is to be able to interconnect multiple generations of mobile technology within a site and across multiple cell sites, supporting multiple protocols over the same transport infrastructure.

Frequency synchronization is required for all mobile networks for accurate call handoff. LTE, 4G and WiMAX also require phase/time synchronization. There are several ways to maintain base station timing and synchronization using Ethernet. Among the schemes commonly found in this market are the following:

- IEEE 1588v2 (Precision Timing Protocol) is a packet-based protocol and is carried in-band with user traffic. It can support both frequency and phase synchronization. Devices in the path that do not support 1588v2 will transparently pass the protocol, which eliminates the need to replace these devices while allowing sync requirements to be met. However, without strict QoS policies applied to all devices in the path, it is susceptible to network congestion.

- Sync-E (based on ITU.T G.8261) is a physical layer technology and is not affected by network congestion. However it requires that every node in the path have hardware support for Sync-E. However, Sync-E does not support phase synchronization, so in order to support 4G technologies, Synch-E will need to be supplemented by 1588v2 or some other mechanism to provide the phase synchronization requirement.

Reverse Cell Phone Lookup - Trace Cell Phone Numbers of Cheating Spouses, Saving Money on Detectives

Think you have a cheating spouse? A reverse cell phone lookup service can help to save you from spending a huge amount of cash on a private detective or a private investigator. With this technology you can now have immediate access to same telephone and cell phone directory databases the private detectives and private investigators have at a fraction of the cost to you.

A website which specializes in reverse cell phone lookups can help you to trace back all those unknown phone numbers on your spouse cell phone without either him or her ever becoming aware of your concerns. This allows you to verify any suspicions you might have before any need for confrontations regarding the subject, which in the short-term will save needless arguments and in the long run might save your marriage due to needless accusations.

However, married couples, after years of being together, one spouse might experience or notice certain behavioral patterns in their mate that arouses suspicions related to infidelity or cheating. For instance, your spouse gets a call on his or her cell phone and rather than just taking the call, he or she suddenly goes out of the room to take the call. Or, you may notice that your spouse is getting more calls or SMS messages than usual. If you attempt to meander bye to try to hear the context of the conversation, they circumvent it by moving away or simply hanging up.

Should your suspicions be aroused by such behavior and you ask your spouse as to why it was necessary to leave the room to take the call, you are given some off the wall excuse. Often times the table gets turned on the suspecting spouse and they are made to feel guilt because of their lack of trust. Yet, these symptoms are all signs of the infidelity of a cheating spouse.

With such behavior one can't help but get suspicious, especially if the actions of the spouse continue on an on-going basis. Once there is doubt about your mate's honesty and the integrity of the vows they took, there is little left to do but spy on them. For your own peace of mind you need to know for sure. You look at their cell phone to see if there is a particular number which is not familiar. You may find some indicating text messages, but there is no name.

The answer is not to confront them yet until you are certain. There is no need to rock the boat if the water is calm and should a little inexpensive investigation reveal something other, then the realization of no wrong doing could actually take the relationship to the next level. A reverse cell phone lookup is the easiest, least expensive, and most efficient means of knowing for sure.

How to Use Your Mobile Phone in Ecuador

Using a mobile phone in Ecuador is easy. Take the phone that you have from your country. There is a good chance if it is a newer model GSM phone with quad band it will work in Ecuador. Try this first, go to the many Porta or Movistar outlets that sell phones in the city you are in and ask them if they have a 'sim card' that will work for your phone. They will try it and if it works that is great because it does not get much easier than this. Remember in order to do this you must have an un-locked phone. I won't get into details because you can search this information on the internet. If the sim card works in your phone you just buy a recharge to top up the minutes for your phone. This is the same as prepaid minutes. Both Porta and Movistar use this concept. If you want and you are staying for a long time, you can choose a plan as well.

If the sim option does not work for your phone, you will need to buy a phone there. There is lots to choose from and the better phones don't come cheap. Expect to pay U.S. prices. However if you aren't fussy about the phone, there is a good starter type of phone you can get with both Movistar and Porta for around $50.00 U.S. Both companies have an Amigo kit which will give you a basic phone and a few minutes of talk time to start with.

Cell coverage in Ecuador is relatively good for a developing country. The main cities, like Quito and Guayaquil, have blanket coverage. In the Andes, valleys often have very spotty coverage, while a signal can usually be found on top of hills and ridges. The main coastal resort areas are actually well served. The smaller communities may have weak or no coverage. Remote parts of the Amazon basin do not generally have coverage. As companies build more cell towers expect coverage across the country to improve. There is more money lately being invested in infastructure projects across the country. Ecuador is heavily dependent on tourism so expect things to change for the future.

The simplicity of having a mobile phone in Ecuador makes it easy for you to obtain one even if you can't speak the language. Worst case scenario you spend the $50.00 on a starter phone.

Spy On Cell Phones - How You Can Do It And What You Can Find Out

When you want to spy on cell phones, there are a number of things you can do. Cell phone spying has become the leading technology for catching other people doing bad things. There are many ways how we can now spy on cell phones of other individuals who we may suspect of doing questionable things.

The first one is the mobile phone recorders. This can be activated automatically or manually. Another method is buying spy phones. These spy phones are mobile phones that look and work like a regular phone. However, when the spy phone is turned on spy mode then all the conversations in a given area can be transmitted right into your hands. These spy phones look like all the popular phones that are out there today. Some of these phones claim that they can work up to a distance of 3000 miles. The third method is to download cell phone spy software. This will turn any mobile phone into an instant spy cell phone. When you download and install this software on the phone to be tracked it will automatically hide the fact that you are spying on the phone of the other person.

The cell phone of an individual is one of the main things that connects them to the world. Most of the activities surrounding peoples everyday lives are conducted on the cell phone. This technology can also be the way to enter the private world of a person without any suspicions that his or her mobile phone is being tracked.

There is a new generation of tracking that has gone beyond traditional wire tapping. The new generation of cell phone spying provides a more easy access to the mobile phone of the person. It only takes an installation time of two to three minutes in order for you to download software and start monitoring the activities of another person's mobile phone.

Here are some of the features that will be beneficial to the person who wants to spy on phones using tracking software.

The first thing is that this software will be able to record and monitor the text messages. The software can also record all the numbers that the person has dialed as well as the numbers that were received by the person. These calls and texts can still be recorded even if the owner of the mobile phone has already deleted it. You can also locate the owner of the mobile phone wherever he or she is. Anyone who has an access to the internet can easily find these tools and software that will help you keep track of the mobile phone.

One of the easiest ways to track cell phone activity is with mobile tracking software. And with it's easy installation, you can track all you want while the software remains undetectable.

To learn more about how you can do your own detective work using mobile tracking software that can track gps location, monitor and review incoming/outgoing calls, logs of current/deleted text messages word-for-word, chat, and internet activity Click Here

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